PARTS OF SPEECH

DEFINITION

A noun is a naming word. It is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea.

EXAMPLES

man, cousin, soldier, scientist, Elizabeth (names for people)
rat, zebra, lion, dog, elephant (names for animals)
house, factory, shelter, town, London (names for places)
table, mirror, vase, computer, the Holy Quran (names for objects)
iron, gold, water, ice, nitrogen (names for substances)
honesty, beauty, wealth, faith, kindness (names for qualities)
swimming, dancing, cooking, reading, listening (names for actions)
month, inch, day, pound, ounce (names for measures)

EXERCISE

Identify the nouns in the following sentences.
(i) Sarah is a very good dancer.
(ii) Children are swimming in the pool.
(iii) Monkeys swing in trees.
(iv) Butterflies fly in the air.
(v) The rose is the loveliest of all flowers.
(vi) My toothbrush is on the sink.
(vii) I recite the Holy Quran daily.
(viii) Honesty is the best policy.
(ix) Gold is a precious metal.
(x) Swimming is a good exercise.
ANSWERS
(i) Sarah, dancer (ii) Children, pool (iii) Monkeys, trees (iv) Butterflies, air (v) rose, flowers (vi) toothbrush, sink (vii) Holy Quran (viii) Honesty, policy (ix) Gold, metal (x) Swimming, exercise

KINDS OF NOUNS

(i) COMMON NOUN

DEFINITION
A common noun is the word used for a class of person, place, thing or idea.
EXAMPLES

mother, student, child, teacher, man (people)
lion, bear, dog, cat, bird (animals)
city, country, restaurant, park, zoo (places)
table, book, pencil, computer, coat (things)
envy, love, hate, respect, pride (ideas)

EXERCISE

Identify the Common Nouns in the following sentences.

(i) We arrived early at the station.

(ii) There are different species of fish.

(iii) The man was trying to steal his car.

(iv) My mother is in the kitchen.

(v) The children are playing in the field.

(vi) He has bought a new car.

(vii) She won a trophy in a competition.

(viii) I like to ride on a camel.

(ix) He went to visit his uncle.

(x) They boys are playing noisily.

ANSWERS
(i) station (ii) fish (iii) man, car (iv) mother, kitchen (v) children, field (vi) car (vii) trophy (viii) camel (ix) uncle (x) boys

(ii) PROPER NOUN

DEFINITION
A proper noun is the word used for a particular person, place, or thing.
EXAMPLES

Ahmad, Bilal, Ayesha, John, Merry (people)
Quaid-e-Azam, President Bush, King George, Queen Elizabeth, Judge Judy (titles)
Google, Pepsi, Samsung, Nike, McDonald's (Brands)
Lahore, Pakistan, London, Hagia Sophia, Taj Mahal (places)
The Holy Quran, The Bible, The Ferrari, The Rolls-Royce, The Parker Pen (things)
English, Urdu, French, Italian, German (languages)
Eid-ul-Fitr, Christmas, New Year's Day, Hanukkah, Thanksgiving (holidays)

EXERCISE
Use capital letters for proper nouns in the following sentences.
(i) paris is the capital of france.
(ii) william shakespeare is a famous english author.
(iii) 'war and peace' by written by leo tolstoy.
(iv) The universities of oxford and cambridge offer degree courses at the highest level.
(v) john's two dogs are named rover and boxer.
(vi) david will travel to france to do a degree course on the french revolution.
(vii) suez canal joins the red sea and the mediterranean sea.
(viii) republic of liberia is on the west coast of africa.
(ix) mick jagger is the lead singer of rolling stones.
(x) mount kilimanjaro is the highest mountain in africa.
Answers: (i) Paris, France (ii) Shakespeare, English (iii) War and Peace, Leo Tolstoy (iv) Oxford, Cambridge (v) John, Rover, Boxer (vi) David, France, French Revolution (vii) Suez Canal, the Red Sea, the Mediterranean Sea (viii) Republic of Liberia, Africa (ix) Mick Jagger, Rolling Stones (x) Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa
(iii) ABSTRACT NOUN
DEFINITION
An abstract noun is a word which names something that we cannot see, hear, touch, smell, or taste.
EXAMPLES

love, hate, anger, pride, sympathy (emotions/feelings)
bravery, honesty, charity, beauty, success (states/attributes)
belief, dream, truth, knowledge, thought (ideas/concepts/ideals)
progress, education, leisure, friendship, relaxation (movements/events)

EXERCISE

(iv) MATERIAL NOUN
DEFINITION

EXAMPLES

EXERCISE

(v) COLLECTIVE NOUN
DEFINITION

EXAMPLES

EXERCISE

(vi) COMPOUND NOUN
DEFINITION

EXAMPLES

EXERCISE

English Grammar

DEFINITION
A pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun that has already been mentioned or that is already known, often to avoid repeating the noun.
EXAMPLES

Ayesha was tired so she went to bed.
Aslam took the children with him.

EXERCISE
1. Reciprocal Pronoun Video Lecture
2.

English Grammar

DEFINITION
Verbs are doing words. A verb can express a physical action, mental action, or a state of being.
EXAMPLES

to swim, to write, to climb, to sell, to buy (physical actions)
to think, to guess, to consider, to realize, to suppose (mental actions)
to be, to exist, to appear (state of being)

EXERCISE

English Grammar

DEFINITION

KINDS OF ADJECTIVE

1) Possessive Adjective

2) Descriptive Adjective

3) Numeral Adjective

4) Demonstrative Adjective

5) Interrogative Adjective

1) POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE

DEFINITION: Possessive Adjective is the adjective which is used to point out the noun that belongs to someone and there are seven Possessive Adjectives. They are My, Your, Our, Their, His, Her and Its.

Example:

This is my book.

Your car is outside.

His girl fried is waiting

2) DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVE

DEFINITION: Descriptive Adjective is the adjective that is used to tell the sorts of noun or quality.

Example:

He is a tall man.

They are good students.

She is a beautiful girl.

3) NUMERAL ADJECTIVE

DEFINITION: Numeral Adjective is the adjective which is used to show the number of noun. There are three types of Numeral Adjective as follow.

a) Definite Numeral Adjective

b) Indefinite Numeral Adjective

c) Distributive Numeral Adjective

a) Definite Numeral Adjective

DEFINITION: Definitive Numeral Adjective is the adjective that is used to denote an exact number of noun as first, second, third or one, two, three….

Example:

Ankor Wat is the seventh wonders of the world.

Ankor temple has got five towers.

b) Indefinite Numeral Adjective

DEFINITION: Indefinite Numeral Adjective is the adjective which is used to denote an inexact number of nouns as some, any, much, many, little, a few….

Example:

I have some friends here.

She has a few pictures.

He has got much money.

b) Distributive Numeral Adjective

DEFINITION: Descriptive Adjective is the adjective that is used to cache one noun. They are every, each, another, other...

Example:

Each student is very friendly.

They speak to another person.

4) DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVE

DEFINITION: Demonstrative Adjective is the adjective which is used to point out the noun. They are this, these, that, and those.

Example: