PROPER NOUN

(ii) PROPER NOUN

DEFINITION
A proper noun is the word used for a particular person, place, or thing.
EXAMPLES

• Ahmad, Bilal, Ayesha, John, Merry (people)
• Quaid-e-Azam, President Bush, King George, Queen Elizabeth, Judge Judy (titles) 
• Google, Pepsi, Samsung, Nike, McDonald's (Brands) 
• Lahore, Pakistan, London, Hagia Sophia, Taj Mahal (places)
• The Holy Quran, The Bible, The Ferrari, The Rolls-Royce, The Parker Pen (things)
• English, Urdu, French, Italian, German (languages) 
• Eid-ul-Fitr, Christmas, New Year's Day, Hanukkah, Thanksgiving (holidays) 

EXERCISE
Use capital letters for proper nouns in the following sentences. 
(i) paris is the capital of france.
(ii) william shakespeare is a famous english author.
(iii)  'war and peace' by written by leo tolstoy.
(iv) The universities of oxford and cambridge offer degree courses at the highest level.
(v) john's two dogs are named rover and boxer.
(vi) david will travel to france to do a degree course on the french revolution.
(vii) suez canal joins the red sea and the mediterranean sea.
(viii) republic of liberia is on the west coast of africa.
(ix)  mick jagger is the lead singer of rolling stones.
(x) mount kilimanjaro is the highest mountain in africa.
Answers:  (i) Paris, France (ii) Shakespeare, English (iii)  War and Peace, Leo Tolstoy (iv) Oxford, Cambridge (v) John, Rover, Boxer (vi) David, France, French Revolution (vii) Suez Canal, the Red Sea, the Mediterranean Sea (viii) Republic of Liberia, Africa (ix) Mick Jagger, Rolling Stones (x)  Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa

What is a Common Noun?

(i) COMMON NOUN

DEFINITION
A common noun is the word used for a class of person, place, thing or idea.
EXAMPLES

• mother, student, child, teacher, man (names for people)
• lion, bear, dog, cat, bird (names for animals)
• city, country, restaurant, park, zoo (names for places) 
• table, book, pencil, computer, coat (names for things) 
• envy, love, hate, respect, pride (names for ideas) 

EXERCISE

Identify the Common Nouns in the following sentences. 

(i) We arrived early at the station.

(ii) There are different species of fish.

(iii) The man was trying to steal his car.

(iv) My mother is in the kitchen.

(v) The children are playing in the field. 

(vi) He has bought a new car.

(vii) She won a trophy in a competition.

(viii) I like to ride on a camel.

(ix) He went to visit his uncle.

(x) They boys are playing noisily. 

ANSWERS
 (i) station (ii) fish (iii) man, car (iv) mother, kitchen (v) children, field (vi) car (vii) trophy (viii) camel (ix) uncle  (x) boys

WHAT IS A NOUN?

English Grammar

DEFINITION

A noun is a naming word. It is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea.

EXAMPLES

• man, cousin, soldier, scientist, Elizabeth (names for people) 
• rat, zebra, lion, dog, elephant (names for animals) 
• house, factory, shelter, town, London (names for places)
• table, mirror, vase, computer, the Holy Quran (names for objects) 
• iron, gold, water, ice, nitrogen (names for substances) 
• honesty, beauty, wealth, faith, kindness (names for qualities) 
• swimming, dancing, cooking, reading, listening (names for actions) 
• month, inch, day, pound, ounce (names for measures) 

EXERCISE

Identify the nouns in the following sentences. 
(i) Sarah is a very good dancer.
(ii) Children are swimming in the pool.
(iii) Monkeys swing in trees.
(iv) Butterflies fly in the air.
(v) The rose is the loveliest of all flowers.
(vi) My toothbrush is on the sink.
(vii) I recite the Holy Quran daily.
(viii) Honesty is the best policy.
(ix) Gold is a precious metal.
(x) Swimming is a good exercise.
ANSWERS
(i) Sarah, dancer (ii) Children, pool (iii) Monkeys, trees (iv) Butterflies, air (v) rose, flowers (vi) toothbrush, sink (vii) Holy Quran (viii) Honesty, policy (ix) Gold, metal (x) Swimming, exercise

EXERCISE FOR PROPER NOUNS

Use capital letters for proper nouns in the following sentences. 
(i) paris is the capital of france.
(ii) william shakespeare is a famous english author.
(iii)  'war and peace' by written by leo tolstoy.
(iv) The universities of oxford and cambridge offer degree courses at the highest level.
(v) john's two dogs are named rover and boxer.
(vi) david will travel to france to do a degree course on the french revolution.
(vii) suez canal joins the red sea and the mediterranean sea.
(viii) republic of liberia is on the west coast of africa.
(ix)  mick jagger is the lead singer of rolling stones.
(x) mount kilimanjaro is the highest mountain in africa.
Answers:  (i) Paris, France (ii) Shakespeare, English (iii)  War and Peace, Leo Tolstoy (iv) Oxford, Cambridge (v) John, Rover, Boxer (vi) David, France, French Revolution (vii) Suez Canal, the Red Sea, the Mediterranean Sea (viii) Republic of Liberia, Africa (ix) Mick Jagger, Rolling Stones (x)  Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa

Parts of Speech

Exercise No. 2

Identify the Common Nouns in the following sentences. 

(i) We arrived early at the station.

(ii) There are different species of fish.

(iii) The man was trying to steal his car.

(iv) They have gone to the zoo.

(v) The baby is crying. 

(vi) My mother is in the kitchen.

(vii) He threw some nuts to the monkeys.

(viii) The children are playing in the field. 

(ix) The temple was built before I was born.

(x) He has bought a new car.

(xi) My father likes to swim.

(xii) She won a trophy in a competition.

(xiii) I like to ride on a camel.

(xiv) Do birds eat meat? 

(xv) He went to visit his uncle.

(xvi) My brother wants to play with us.

(xvii) Le me have a look at your puppy.

(xviii) The taxi broke down. 

(xix) They boys are playing noisily. 

(xx) She is hanging out the clothes to dry. 

Answers: (i) station (ii) fish (iii) man, car (iv) zoo (v) baby (vi) mother, kitchen (vii) nuts, monkeys (viii) children, field (ix) temple (x) car (xi) father (xii) trophy (xiii) camel (xiv) birds, meat (xv) uncle (xvi) brother (xvii) puppy (xviii) taxi (xix) boys (xx) clothes) 

PARTS OF SPEECH

PARTS OF SPEECH

(i) English Language is a family of nine (9) members called parts of speech.  

(ii) Learning about the parts of speech is the first step in grammar study just as learning the letters of the alphabet is the first step to being able to read and write. 

(iii) From learning the parts of speech you begin to understand the use or function of words and how words are joined together to make meaningful communication. 

(iv) Following are the parts of speech in English Language. 

1. Noun  

2. Pronoun

3. Verb

4. Adverb

5. Adjective

6. Article

7. Preposition

8. Conjunction

9. Interjection

ENGLISH GRAMMAR

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